Architecture and performance of the KM3NeT front-end firmware - IMT Atlantique
Journal Articles J.Astron.Telesc.Instrum.Syst. Year : 2021

Architecture and performance of the KM3NeT front-end firmware

Sebastiano Aiello (1) , Arnauld Albert (2, 3) , Sergio Alves Garre (4) , Zineb Aly (5) , Fabrizio Ameli (6) , Michel Andre (7) , Giorgos Androulakis (8) , Marco Anghinolfi (9) , Mancia Anguita (10) , Gisela Anton (11) , Miquel Ardid (12) , Julien Aublin (13) , Christos Bagatelas (8) , Giancarlo Barbarino (14, 15) , Bruny Baret (13) , Suzan Basegmez Du Pree (15) , Anastasios Belias (8) , Meriem Bendahman (16) , Edward Berbee (15) , Ad M. van den Berg (17) , Vincent Bertin (5) , Vincent van Beveren (15) , Simone Biagi (18) , Andrea Biagioni (6) , Matthias Bissinger (11) , Markus Boettcher (19) , Jihad Boumaaza (16) , Mohammed Bouta (20) , Mieke Bouwhuis (15) , Cristiano Bozza , Horea Brânzas , Ronald Bruijn , Jurgen Brunner (5) , Ernst-Jan Buis , Raffaele Buompane , Jose Busto (5) , Barbara Caiffi , David Calvo , Antonio Capone , Victor Carretero , Paolo Castaldi , Silvia Celli , Mohamed Chabab , Nhan Chau (13) , Andrew Chen , Silvio Cherubini , Vitaliano Chiarella , Tommaso Chiarusi , Marco Circella , Rosanna Cocimano , Joao A.B. Coelho (13) , Alexis Coleiro (13) , Marta Colomer Molla (13) , Stephane Colonges (13) , Rosa Coniglione , Imanol Corredoira , Paschal Coyle (5) , Alexandre Creusot (21) , Giacomo Cuttone , Antonio d'Amico , Antonio d'Onofrio , Richard Dallier (22) , Mauro de Palma , Irene Di Palma , Antonio F. Díaz , Didac Diego-Tortosa , Carla Distefano , Alba Domi (5) , Roberto Donà , Corinne Donzaud (13) , Damien Dornic (5) , Manuel Dörr , Doriane Drouhin (2, 3, 23) , Thomas Eberl , Ahmed Eddyamoui , Thijs van Eeden , Daan van Eijk , Imad El Bojaddaini , Dominik Elsaesser , Alexander Enzenhoefer (5) , Victor Espinosa Rosell , Paolo Fermani , Giovanna Ferrara , Miroslav D. Filipovic , Francesco Filippini , Luigi Antonio Fusco (5) , Omar Gabella (24) , Tamas Gal , Alfonso Andres Garcia Soto , Fabio Garufi , Yoann Gatelet (13) , Nicole Geißelbrecht , Lucio Gialanella , Emidio Giorgio , Sara R. Gozzini , Rodrigo Gracia , Kay Graf , Dario Grasso , Giuseppe Grella , Daniel Guderian , Carlo Guidi , Steffen Hallmann , Hassane Hamdaoui , Hans van Haren , Aart Heijboer , Amar Hekalo , Juan J. Hernández-Rey , Jannik Hofestädt , Feifei Huang (3) , Walid Idrissi Ibnsalih , Alin Ilioni (13) , Giulia Illuminati , Clancy W. James , Peter Jansweijer , Maarten de Jong , Paul de Jong , Bouke Jisse Jung , Matthias Kadler , Piotr Kalaczyński , Oleg Kalekin , Uli F. Katz , Nafis R.Khan Chowdhury , Giorgi Kistauri , Frits van der Knaap , Els N. Koffeman , Paul Kooijman , Antoine Kouchner (13, 25) , Michael Kreter , Vladimir Kulikovskiy , Robert Lahmann , Giuseppina Larosa , Remy Le Breton (13) , Ornella Leonardi , Francesco Leone , Emanuele Leonora , Jean Lesrel (13) , Giuseppe Levi , Massimiliano Lincetto (5) , Miles Lindsey Clark (13) , Thomas Lipreau (22) , Alessandro Lonardo , Fabio Longhitano , Daniel Lopez-Coto , Lukas Maderer (13) , Jerzy M. Mańczak , Karl Mannheim , Annarita Margiotta , Antonio Marinelli , Christos Markou , Lilian Martin (22) , Juan A. Martínez-Mora , Agnese Martini , Fabio Marzaioli , Stefano Mastroianni , Safaa Mazzou , Karel W. Melis , Gennaro Miele , Pasquale Migliozzi , Emilio Migneco , Piotr Mijakowski , Luis S.Miranda Palacios , Carlos M. Mollo , Mauro Morganti , Michael Moser , Abdelilah Moussa , Rasa Muller , David Muñoz Pérez , Paolo Musico , Mario Musumeci , Lodewijk Nauta , Sergio Navas , Carlo A. Nicolau , Brian Ó. Fearraigh , Mitchell O'Sullivan , Mukharbek Organokov (3) , Angelo Orlando , Juan Palacios González , Gogita Papalashvili , Riccardo Papaleo , Cosimo Pastore , Alice M. Păun , Gabriela E. Păvălaş , Giuliano Pellegrini , Carmelo Pellegrino , Mathieu Perrin-Terrin (5) , Paolo Piattelli , Camiel Pieterse , Konstantinos Pikounis , Ofelia Pisanti , Chiara Poirè , Vlad Popa , Thierry Pradier (3) , Gerd Pühlhofer , Sara Pulvirenti , Omphile Rabyang , Fabrizio Raffaelli , Nunzio Randazzo , Soebur Razzaque , Diego Real , Stefan Reck , Giorgio Riccobene , Marc Richer (3) , Stephane Rivoire (24) , Alberto Rovelli , Francisco Salesa Greus , Dorothea F.E. Samtleben , Agustin Sánchez Losa , Matteo Sanguineti , Andrea E. Santangelo , Domenico Santonocito , Piera Sapienza , Jan-Willem Schmelling , Jutta Schnabel , Johannes Schumann , Jordan Seneca , Irene Sgura , Rezo Shanidze , Ankur Sharma , Francesco Simeone , Anna Sinopoulou , Bernardino Spisso , Maurizio Spurio , Dimitris Stavropoulos , Jos Steijger , Simona M. Stellacci , Mauro Taiuti , Yahya Tayalati , Enrique Tenllado , Tarak Thakore , Steven Tingay , Ekaterini Tzamariudaki , Dimitrios Tzanetatos , Veronique van Elewyck (13, 25) , George Vasileiadis (24) , Federico Versari , Salvo Viola , Daniele Vivolo , Gwenhael de Wasseige (13) , Jörn Wilms , Rafał Wojaczyński , Els de Wolf , Dmitry Zaborov , Sandra Zavatarelli , Angela Zegarelli , Daniele Zito , Juan D. de Dios Zornoza , Juan Zúñiga , Natalia Zywucka
1 INFN - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania
2 GRPHE - Groupe de Recherche en Physique des Hautes Energies
3 IPHC - Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien
4 IFIC - Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular
5 CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille
6 INFN - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Sezione di Roma 1]
7 UPC - Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya = Université polytechnique de Catalogne [Barcelona]
8 NCSR - National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos"
9 INFN, Sezione di Genova - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova
10 CITIC - Centro de Investigaciones en Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación
11 ECAP - Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics
12 IGIC - Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras [Universitat Politècnica de València]
13 APC (UMR_7164) - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
14 University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II
15 NIKHEF - National Institute for Subatomic Physics [Amsterdam]
16 Faculté des sciences [Rabat]
17 University of Groningen [Groningen]
18 LNS - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud
19 Centre for Space Research [Potchefstroom]
20 Faculté des sciences [Oujda]
21 LERMA - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres
22 SUBATECH - Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées
23 Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar
24 LUPM - Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier
25 IUF - Institut universitaire de France
Julien Aublin
Bruny Baret
Meriem Bendahman
  • Function : Author
  • PersonId : 1374102
  • IdRef : 276723325
Cristiano Bozza
  • Function : Author
Horea Brânzas
  • Function : Author
Ronald Bruijn
  • Function : Author
Ernst-Jan Buis
  • Function : Author
Raffaele Buompane
  • Function : Author
Barbara Caiffi
  • Function : Author
David Calvo
  • Function : Author
Antonio Capone
  • Function : Author
Victor Carretero
  • Function : Author
Paolo Castaldi
  • Function : Author
Silvia Celli
  • Function : Author
Mohamed Chabab
  • Function : Author
Andrew Chen
  • Function : Author
Silvio Cherubini
  • Function : Author
Vitaliano Chiarella
  • Function : Author
Tommaso Chiarusi
  • Function : Author
Marco Circella
  • Function : Author
Rosanna Cocimano
  • Function : Author
Joao A.B. Coelho
Rosa Coniglione
  • Function : Author
Imanol Corredoira
  • Function : Author
Giacomo Cuttone
  • Function : Author
Antonio d'Amico
  • Function : Author
Antonio d'Onofrio
  • Function : Author
Mauro de Palma
  • Function : Author
Irene Di Palma
  • Function : Author
Antonio F. Díaz
  • Function : Author
Didac Diego-Tortosa
  • Function : Author
Carla Distefano
  • Function : Author
Roberto Donà
  • Function : Author
Manuel Dörr
  • Function : Author
Thomas Eberl
  • Function : Author
Ahmed Eddyamoui
  • Function : Author
Thijs van Eeden
  • Function : Author
Daan van Eijk
  • Function : Author
Imad El Bojaddaini
  • Function : Author
Dominik Elsaesser
  • Function : Author
Victor Espinosa Rosell
  • Function : Author
Paolo Fermani
  • Function : Author
Giovanna Ferrara
  • Function : Author
Miroslav D. Filipovic
  • Function : Author
Francesco Filippini
  • Function : Author
Tamas Gal
  • Function : Author
Alfonso Andres Garcia Soto
  • Function : Author
Fabio Garufi
  • Function : Author
Nicole Geißelbrecht
  • Function : Author
Lucio Gialanella
  • Function : Author
Emidio Giorgio
  • Function : Author
Sara R. Gozzini
  • Function : Author
Rodrigo Gracia
  • Function : Author
Kay Graf
  • Function : Author
Dario Grasso
  • Function : Author
Giuseppe Grella
  • Function : Author
Daniel Guderian
  • Function : Author
Carlo Guidi
  • Function : Author
Steffen Hallmann
  • Function : Author
Hassane Hamdaoui
  • Function : Author
Hans van Haren
  • Function : Author
Aart Heijboer
  • Function : Author
Amar Hekalo
  • Function : Author
Juan J. Hernández-Rey
  • Function : Author
Jannik Hofestädt
  • Function : Author
Walid Idrissi Ibnsalih
  • Function : Author
Giulia Illuminati
  • Function : Author
Clancy W. James
  • Function : Author
Peter Jansweijer
  • Function : Author
Maarten de Jong
  • Function : Author
Paul de Jong
  • Function : Author
Bouke Jisse Jung
  • Function : Author
Matthias Kadler
  • Function : Author
Piotr Kalaczyński
  • Function : Author
Oleg Kalekin
  • Function : Author
Uli F. Katz
  • Function : Author
Nafis R.Khan Chowdhury
  • Function : Author
Giorgi Kistauri
  • Function : Author
Frits van der Knaap
  • Function : Author
Els N. Koffeman
  • Function : Author
Paul Kooijman
  • Function : Author
Michael Kreter
  • Function : Author
Vladimir Kulikovskiy
  • Function : Author
Robert Lahmann
  • Function : Author
Giuseppina Larosa
  • Function : Author
Ornella Leonardi
  • Function : Author
Francesco Leone
  • Function : Author
Emanuele Leonora
  • Function : Author
Giuseppe Levi
  • Function : Author
Alessandro Lonardo
  • Function : Author
Fabio Longhitano
  • Function : Author
Daniel Lopez-Coto
  • Function : Author
Jerzy M. Mańczak
  • Function : Author
Karl Mannheim
  • Function : Author
Annarita Margiotta
  • Function : Author
Antonio Marinelli
  • Function : Author
Christos Markou
  • Function : Author
Juan A. Martínez-Mora
  • Function : Author
Agnese Martini
  • Function : Author
Fabio Marzaioli
  • Function : Author
Stefano Mastroianni
  • Function : Author
Safaa Mazzou
  • Function : Author
Karel W. Melis
  • Function : Author
Gennaro Miele
  • Function : Author
Pasquale Migliozzi
  • Function : Author
Emilio Migneco
  • Function : Author
Piotr Mijakowski
  • Function : Author
Luis S.Miranda Palacios
  • Function : Author
Carlos M. Mollo
  • Function : Author
Mauro Morganti
  • Function : Author
Michael Moser
  • Function : Author
Abdelilah Moussa
  • Function : Author
Rasa Muller
  • Function : Author
David Muñoz Pérez
  • Function : Author
Paolo Musico
  • Function : Author
Mario Musumeci
  • Function : Author
Lodewijk Nauta
  • Function : Author
Sergio Navas
  • Function : Author
Carlo A. Nicolau
  • Function : Author
Brian Ó. Fearraigh
  • Function : Author
Mitchell O'Sullivan
  • Function : Author
Angelo Orlando
  • Function : Author
Juan Palacios González
  • Function : Author
Gogita Papalashvili
  • Function : Author
Riccardo Papaleo
  • Function : Author
Cosimo Pastore
  • Function : Author
Alice M. Păun
  • Function : Author
Gabriela E. Păvălaş
  • Function : Author
Giuliano Pellegrini
  • Function : Author
Carmelo Pellegrino
  • Function : Author
Paolo Piattelli
  • Function : Author
Camiel Pieterse
  • Function : Author
Konstantinos Pikounis
  • Function : Author
Ofelia Pisanti
  • Function : Author
Chiara Poirè
  • Function : Author
Vlad Popa
  • Function : Author
Gerd Pühlhofer
  • Function : Author
Sara Pulvirenti
  • Function : Author
Omphile Rabyang
  • Function : Author
Fabrizio Raffaelli
  • Function : Author
Nunzio Randazzo
  • Function : Author
Soebur Razzaque
  • Function : Author
Diego Real
  • Function : Author
Stefan Reck
  • Function : Author
Giorgio Riccobene
  • Function : Author
Alberto Rovelli
  • Function : Author
Francisco Salesa Greus
  • Function : Author
Dorothea F.E. Samtleben
  • Function : Author
Agustin Sánchez Losa
  • Function : Author
Matteo Sanguineti
  • Function : Author
Andrea E. Santangelo
  • Function : Author
Domenico Santonocito
  • Function : Author
Piera Sapienza
  • Function : Author
Jan-Willem Schmelling
  • Function : Author
Jutta Schnabel
  • Function : Author
Johannes Schumann
  • Function : Author
Jordan Seneca
  • Function : Author
Irene Sgura
  • Function : Author
Rezo Shanidze
  • Function : Author
Ankur Sharma
  • Function : Author
Francesco Simeone
  • Function : Author
Anna Sinopoulou
  • Function : Author
Bernardino Spisso
  • Function : Author
Maurizio Spurio
  • Function : Author
Dimitris Stavropoulos
  • Function : Author
Jos Steijger
  • Function : Author
Simona M. Stellacci
  • Function : Author
Mauro Taiuti
  • Function : Author
Yahya Tayalati
  • Function : Author
Enrique Tenllado
  • Function : Author
Tarak Thakore
  • Function : Author
Steven Tingay
  • Function : Author
Ekaterini Tzamariudaki
  • Function : Author
Dimitrios Tzanetatos
  • Function : Author
Federico Versari
  • Function : Author
Salvo Viola
  • Function : Author
Daniele Vivolo
  • Function : Author
Jörn Wilms
  • Function : Author
Rafał Wojaczyński
  • Function : Author
Els de Wolf
  • Function : Author
Dmitry Zaborov
  • Function : Author
Sandra Zavatarelli
  • Function : Author
Angela Zegarelli
  • Function : Author
Daniele Zito
  • Function : Author
Juan D. de Dios Zornoza
  • Function : Author
Juan Zúñiga
  • Function : Author
Natalia Zywucka
  • Function : Author

Abstract

The KM3NeT infrastructure consists of two deep-sea neutrino telescopes being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. The telescopes will detect extraterrestrial and atmospheric neutrinos by means of the incident photons induced by the passage of relativistic charged particles through the seawater as a consequence of a neutrino interaction. The telescopes are configured in a three-dimensional grid of digital optical modules, each hosting 31 photomultipliers. The photomultiplier signals produced by the incident Cherenkov photons are converted into digital information consisting of the integrated pulse duration and the time at which it surpasses a chosen threshold. The digitization is done by means of time to digital converters (TDCs) embedded in the field programmable gate array of the central logic board. Subsequently, a state machine formats the acquired data for its transmission to shore. We present the architecture and performance of the front-end firmware consisting of the TDCs and the state machine.
Fichier principal
Vignette du fichier
016001_1.pdf (5.15 Mo) Télécharger le fichier
Origin Publisher files allowed on an open archive
Licence

Dates and versions

hal-03210384 , version 1 (08-01-2025)

Licence

Identifiers

Cite

Sebastiano Aiello, Arnauld Albert, Sergio Alves Garre, Zineb Aly, Fabrizio Ameli, et al.. Architecture and performance of the KM3NeT front-end firmware. J.Astron.Telesc.Instrum.Syst., 2021, 7 (1), pp.016001. ⟨10.1117/1.JATIS.7.1.016001⟩. ⟨hal-03210384⟩
303 View
0 Download

Altmetric

Share

More